Programs

The major trends in Materials Engineering and Metallurgy encompass a variety of specialized areas. These include: - **Identification and selection of engineering materials**: This involves understanding the properties of different materials and choosing the most suitable ones for specific engineering applications. - **Biomedical Engineering**: This field applies engineering principles to medicine, creating equipment and devices for healthcare. - **Metal Forming**: This is the process of shaping metals into specific forms or structures. - **Welding**: This involves joining pieces of metal together using heat or pressure. - **Metal Extraction**: This is the process of obtaining pure metals from their ores. - **Corrosion and Protection of Materials**: This area focuses on understanding how materials degrade over time and developing methods to protect them. - **Ceramics**: This involves the study and use of non-metallic, inorganic materials. - **Casting**: This is a manufacturing process where a liquid material is poured into a mold and allowed to harden. Each of these trends represents a vital aspect of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, contributing to advancements in technology and industry.

In this branch of Iranology, the focus is on the study and analysis of books as physical entities. This includes documents, manuscripts on paper, skin, or other materials. The methods for restoring manuscripts and drawings are also discussed. This text is a fluid translation and rewrite from Persian to English.

In this branch of Iranology, the focus is on the study and analysis of books as physical entities. This includes documents, manuscripts on paper, skin, or other materials. The methods for restoring manuscripts and drawings are also discussed. This text is a fluid translation and rewrite from Persian to English.

A variety of energy law functions are: Energy field disputes in the oil and gas industry, nuclear energy and new energies, primarily due to breach of contract obligations, confiscation and expropriation of direct and indirect property

Environmental law includes the private law, public law, and international law, as well as the other rights that attempt to include the environmental concept in all legal fields.