Programs

Endurance literature is a genre that emerges under challenging circumstances such as repression, internal tyranny, warfare, occupation, and the curtailment of social freedoms and legality. It is characterized by its central themes of resistance against forces that oppose freedom and the struggle against oppression. This genre serves as a testament to human resilience in the face of adversity.

Pastures refer to natural lands endowed with vegetative cover capable of supplying animal feed throughout the grazing period. These areas play a crucial role in various aspects. They meet the requirements for animal feed, contribute to the replenishment of underground water tables, and facilitate the utilization of pasture by-products. Additionally, they aid in air purification and moderation, prevent soil erosion and flooding, cater to the needs of wildlife, and offer recreational opportunities. Thus, pastures serve multiple ecological and societal functions.

The field of "Physical Chemistry" is a fundamental branch of chemistry that uses the principles and laws of physics to explain chemical phenomena. This discipline, grounded in the laws and principles of physics and mathematics, studies chemical reactions from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics. It delves into the study of equilibrium in chemical reactions, fuzzy balance, energy changes, and more. This field provides a comprehensive understanding of the physical principles underlying chemical reactions.

The field of "Wood Engineering and Cellulosic Products" is a branch of agricultural engineering that is applied to the wood industry. It focuses on the use of wood for producing cellulose products, pulp paper, and more. Wood, being one of the most valuable resources produced in the natural system, is freely available to humans. This discipline provides a comprehensive understanding of the utilization of wood in various industries, particularly in the production of cellulose-based products.

Horticultural Science and Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines the art and techniques of botany, plant biology, plant nutrition, plant genetics, agriculture, disease management, fruit production, medicinal plants, and landscape design. This discipline bifurcates into two specialized branches: Horticulture Engineering and Landscape Engineering.